Family health insurance policies employ an aggregate deductible, meaning the entire family must meet the deductible before the insurance company covers services for any individual family member.
In the past, high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) used aggregate deductibles for families, unlike the embedded deductibles in non-HDHP health insurance policies.
Regulatory changes have been made to safeguard consumers enrolled in plans with these deductibles.
Let’s explore the mechanics of aggregate deductibles and the rule modifications aimed at ensuring consumer protection.
How Does an Aggregate Deductible Work?
An aggregate family deductible means the health plan covers family healthcare expenses only when the entire family pays the deductible.
This can happen when multiple family members individually pay toward the deductible, or if one member incurs high expenses, fulfilling the total amount.
Once the family reaches the aggregate deductible, the plan begins covering their healthcare costs, either fully or with applicable coinsurance.
Changes That Took Effect in 2016
Starting from 2016, family health plans are required to incorporate out-of-pocket maximums, which are restricted to individual maximums for the entire year.
To illustrate, in 2023, this cap stands at $9,100, increasing to $9,450 in 2024.
These plans cannot surpass these limits in terms of aggregate deductibles. However, family deductibles can exceed the individual limit, but only if multiple family members file claims.
This policy promotes equitable coverage and safeguards individual family members from exorbitant expenses.
Now, let’s delve deeper into the workings of aggregate deductibles.
What Expenses Count Toward the Family Aggregate Deductible?
For your High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) to count expenses toward the aggregate deductibles, they must be for covered health benefits and adhere to plan rules, including prior authorization and referrals.
In HMOs or EPOs, services typically require in-network providers. PPOs or POS plans may cover out-of-network care but with higher deductibles.
The provider processes in-network claims, and your insurer’s explanation of benefits shows the progress toward the deductible.
For out-of-network providers, you might need to file claims yourself, even if you pay the full cost.
Some plans cover out-of-network care in emergencies, but not always.
Understanding your plan is crucial.
What Expenses Are Exempt From Aggregate Deductibles?
Under the Affordable Care Act in the US, health plans must cover specific preventive healthcare services without cost-sharing.
This includes flu shots, kids’ immunizations, and screening mammograms, even before meeting the deductible.
Note that only services on a specific covered list qualify, and if not, cost-sharing might apply.
How Aggregate Deductibles Work in 2016 and Beyond
Since 2016, health plans can’t require individuals to pay deductibles exceeding the federal out-of-pocket maximum limit (e.g., $9,100 in 2023).
For instance, if your family plan’s aggregate deductible is $12,000 in 2023, once any family member pays $9,100, their coverage begins without additional cost-sharing.
Other family members’ coverage starts only after the entire $12,000 aggregate deductible is met.
Conclusion
Aggregate deductibles allow any family member to meet the entire family deductible, though this practice is rare except for HSA-qualified high-deductible plans.
Since 2016, new rules restrict a single family member’s out-of-pocket costs to the annual individual limit, applying to all major medical plans regardless of deductible type, except for grandfathered or grandmothered plans.
T Bag is an insurance expert with a degree in actuarial science from the University of Hartford. He has over 10 years of experience in risk management, product development, and pricing. He is a certified actuary and a member of the American Academy of Actuaries. He is passionate about helping clients find the best insurance solutions for their needs and goals. He is looking for new opportunities in the insurance field.